噪声环境下木材纹理分类的研究

为了实现木材分类识别的自动化,应用灰度共生矩阵建立了木材纹理的参数体系,并进行了分类研究。首先在无噪声的环境下提取了木材的共生矩阵纹理原始特征参数,并对其进行特征选择,进而建立了木材纹理参数体系。对该参数体系进行噪声适应性测试的实验结果表明,无噪声情况下样本识别率为87.50%;0.2%￣1.0%椒盐噪声环境下样本识别率范围为87.00%￣88.00%。表明该参数体系具有良好的抗击噪声能力和一定的工程实用价值。     

Plant diversity of secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China

The effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and plant diversity of secondary forest ecosystems were evaluated based on the classification by site factors in the montane regions of northeastern China. Forty-five sample plots containing 720 sub-plots of overstory species (8 m × 8 m), 1,440 quadrats of understory species (2 m × 2 m), and 1,440 quadrats of herbaceous layer species (1 m × 1 m) were clustered into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) by site variables with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Meanwhile, the disturbance levels corresponding to the five groups were determined according to the factors influencing human disturbances (D0-G2, D1-G1, D2-G3, D3-G5, and D4-G4). Species diversities of overstory, understory, herbaceous layer and overall species were evaluated using species number, Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Simpson index; and β-diversities (Whittaker index, Cody index). Basal area of stands exhibited a decreasing trend along the disturbance level due to a gradual increase in the extraction of timber by the human disturbances. The indices of species diversity suggested that overstory and understory species were distributed evenly among the groups or disturbance levels. There were no absolutely dominant tree species in the secondary forest ecosystems. The differences in site factors and the current disturbance intensities were not intense enough to lead to loose changes in overstory and understory species. The species diversity indices exhibited the maximum values at D3 (G5) for herbaceous layer species; this may suggest that the current disturbance intensities were intense enough to lead the changes of herbaceous layer species. Three rare and endangered species (Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Acanthopanax senticosus) were found within the secondary forests. These rare and endangered species appeared in each clustered group or disturbance level, which suggested that the current disturbance intensity in the study area was not strong enough to influence the distribution of rare and endangered species. The current disturbances in the secondary forests may not lead to a decrease in stability and complexity of the overstory and understory species, but the higher disturbance level may be intense enough to change the habitat fitness for the herbaceous species. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized authors.     

辽宁省农业机械化发展水平的评价与分析

科学地评价农业机械化在农业现代化生产中的地位与作用,研究不同地区农业机械化发展水平及发展速度,是农业机械化宏观管理的重要内容。通过对辽宁省农业机械化发展情况的调查研究,应用聚类分析理论与方法,对辽宁省14个市(地)区进行了系统分类处理,定量与定性分析相结合,对不同类区的农机化发展水平进行了分析与评价。     

基于对数相似度约束Otsu的自然场景病害果实图像分割

针对自然场景下,由于复杂背景以及多变环境,水果病害果实图像分割难的问题,提出了一种基于对数相似度约束Otsu和水平集活动轮廓的近椭圆形病害果实图像分割方法。考虑背景的复杂多变,提出对数相似度约束Otsu分割来区分病害果实与背景;由于水平集活动轮廓模型的局部最优性,提出采用自适应膨胀系数的改进距离规则水平集活动轮廓模型来精确演化轮廓。先对病害果实区域样本的颜色进行混合高斯建模,获得整个病害果实图像与样本模型的对数相似度;对对数相似度进行约束Otsu阈值分割以及形态学滤波;采用最小二乘法对滤波后的曲线轮廓进行椭圆拟合,对拟合后的椭圆采用自适应膨胀系数的距离规则水平集活动轮廓演化,得到病害果实完整轮廓。对18个不同场景的病害果实进行分割,平均误判率和漏判率分别为1.77%和1.6%,实验结果表明,该方法可以从复杂自然场景图像中分割出病害果实。     

水肥一体化智能调控设备智能液位开关设计

在对设施蔬菜生产中使用的水肥一体化设备进行智能灌溉控制设计中,监测混肥罐和回液桶中液位高低是非常必要的。现有液位检测普遍采用机械开关式液位浮子,工程实践中发现当进出水口与浮子过近,或者水纹波动显著时,浮子上下剧烈抖动会导致水泵随浮子的抖动而经常启停,对于启动电流较大的泵容易造成损伤。本文在软硬件设计中采用了计数器数字滤波电路以及单片机定时器中断,设计了一种替代简单液位浮子的实用智能液位开关。为了检验该设计的性能,在同等条件下,进行了不同液面、不同压力和水流量的对比试验。试验结果表明,计数脉冲发生电路中充电电阻和放电电阻为4.7 kΩ时,滤波后的输出信号比现场实际的数控信号时间迟延了2.11 s,经数字电路滤波后的输出信号已经完全消除了宽度小于2 s的所有干扰信号,并且具有很高的稳定性。迟延时间与计数电路、计数脉冲发生电路有关,通过电路设计调整滤波脉宽可使输出信号有效地滤除干扰成分。同时,利用该方法也可以根据不同工况,如不同功率的水泵设定不同参数滤除干扰信号,提高智能液位开关适用性。     

Performance of agency-managed and farmer-managed irrigation systems: A comparative case study at Chitwan, Nepal

Management reforms are considered one of the best alternatives in increasing efficiency of the irrigation systems. Transfer of day-to-day operation and maintenance to farmers is not a new concept. However due to lags, even now it is a hot issue in developing countries and Nepal is not an exception. In this context of growing argument about the transfer of management of public irrigation systems to the Water Users' Group, this paper examines the comparative performance of farmer-managed and agency-managed irrigation systems. Khageri Irrigation System in the Chitwan district of Nepal was taken as the study site where complete management transfer has been done in 1996. The situations before and after complete transfer were compared. Intensive case studies of the selected farmers showed that equity in distribution of water and leakage had significantly improved after management transfer. Logit analysis revealed that age and education level of the household head, distance from main canal, leakage of the canal and equity in distribution are significantly related to the satisfaction level of the beneficiary farmers from FMIS compared to AMIS. However, landholding size of the respondent farmer has no significant effect. Similarly results from t-test revealed that rice productivity and overall profits from agriculture has also increased significantly due to irrigation management transfer.     

浅谈延边社会主义新农村建设

建设社会主义新农村全面体现了新时代、新形势下农村经济、政治、文化和社会发展的要求,涉及到农村物质文明建设、政治文明建设、精神文明建设。要提高农民整体素质,培育新型农民;要统筹城乡发展;要提高农民生活水准;要促进乡风文明;要提高民主素质;要保持农村共产党员的先进性。     

国产大型喷灌技术的发展与应用分析

喷灌机是由水泵、动力机、输水管道及喷头等组成的喷灌装置。其由田间渠道或管道供水,按预定的顺序移动工位,向农田喷水。大型喷灌机带有驱动装置或由拖拉机牵引,带有供水管道,且装有多个喷头,因而作业面积大,适合于各种作物的浇灌。为此,评述了就我国大型喷灌机技术的发展历程,评价了大型喷灌机的技术水平,分析推广应用前景作,指出了推广应用中需要注意的事项。     

东北地区种植业机械化水平的灰色关联辨识

发展农业机械化是东北老工业基地振兴的重要内容.为此,对现阶段东北地区种植业机械化装备水平、生产经济系统的投入产出状况以及环境状况进行了科学的分析,运用灰色关联分析方法对其进行系统的辨识,这对于东北农业的发展、增加农民收入、加快农村富余劳动力转移,优化农业和农村经济结构具有重要意义.     

水井酸处理效果预测研究

水井酸处理效果预测一直缺乏成熟的方法。提出了根据水位恢复曲线形态和含水层裂隙特征来预测井的首次酸处理效果，经与石油界所用方法有明显不同。石油界普遍认为，只有不位恢复曲线为快速上翘型的低产碳酸盐岩井才适合酸处理（即基质酸化），但作者近年来发现，多数水位恢复曲线为直线型的低产碳酸盐岩井，即井中含水层裂隙平均宽度＜5mm的井，酸处理效果也很好，被调查3眼这类井的单位涌水量增加值平均为423％；水位恢复曲线为缓慢上翘型的井中，部分含水层裂隙被松散物充填的井，采用特殊的酸处理方法处理后，井的单位涌水量可增加100％。另外，采用适当的方法，使用足够数量的酸进行首次酸处理后，水井再进行酸处理一般效果都很差。